The Holy Family with Saint Elizabeth, Saint John, and a Dove

By Peter Paul Rubens, ca. 1608–9
JPG • 3167 × 4000 PX • 3.8 MB
Curatorial Notes

Painted around 1608–1609, this work depicts the Holy Family gathered with Saint Elizabeth and her son, the infant Saint John the Baptist. At the center of the composition, the Christ Child holds a dove offered to him by John, while the Virgin Mary, Saint Joseph, and Saint Elizabeth observe the scene with affectionate expressions. Although it appears to be an innocent childhood game, the gesture carries profound religious significance: the dove, a symbol of the Holy Spirit, also alludes to Christ's future sacrifice, according to the Metropolitan Museum's interpretation. Another symbolic detail is the wooden cradle on which Jesus rests one foot, interpreted as a foreshadowing of his tomb. The painting was created shortly after Rubens returned to Antwerp, following eight years in Italy, where he studied the works of the great Renaissance masters, particularly Raphael and Correggio. Their influence is evident in the harmonious composition, robust figures, and natural gestures. A larger version of the same scene, executed by Rubens with the participation of his workshop, is now preserved at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.

Artwork Identification

Title The Holy Family with Saint Elizabeth, Saint John, and a Dove
Title (PT) A Sagrada Família com Santa Isabel, São João e uma Pomba
Title (ES) La Sagrada Familia con Santa Isabel, San Juan y una Paloma
Artist Peter Paul Rubens
Artist Bio Peter Paul Rubens (1577–1640) was a Flemish Baroque painter born in Siegen, in present-day Germany, who established his career in Antwerp. Between 1600 and 1608, he worked in Italy, where he studied the paintings of artists such as Raphael, Michelangelo, and Titian. He became court painter to Archduke Albert and Archduchess Isabella and directed one of Europe's most important workshops, employing numerous assistants. He was renowned for his religious, mythological, and historical paintings, characterized by dynamic movement, rich colors, and expressive figures. He also served as a diplomat for several European courts.
Date ca. 1608–9
Work Type Painting

Location & Collection

License Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0
Ars Sancta